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A view of Afjeh, a village in Lavasanat, near Tehran, Iran. (Photo by M .H. Azizi MD)
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Since the Archive of Iranian Medicine (AIM) journal presents as Open Access monthly, online periodical from May 2013, thus dear readers may refer to the journal website (www.aimjournal.ir) for free downloading of the published papers.
AIM Office
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A Monthly Peer-Reviewed Medical Journal Published by the Academy of Medical Sciences of the I.R. Iran; Indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CINHAL, PASCAL, CSA, SID, ISSN: Print 1029-2977, Online 1735-3947.The impact factor of Archives of Iranian Medicine according to Journal Citation Reports®(JCR®) 2012 is 1.222.
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Opium as a Risk Factor for Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Population-based Case-Control Study in Iran
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Authors’ affiliations: 1Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, 2Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, 3Enviromental Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, 4Reseach Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, 5Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 6Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, 7Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
•Corresponding author and reprints: Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Address: Research Center for Modeling in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Jahad Blvd, Ebn Sina Avenue, Kerman, Iran. Tel: +98-341-2263787, Fax: +98-341-2263857, E-mail: Ahaghdoost@gmail.com.
Accepted for publication: 31 October 2013
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Download PDF Fulltext
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Authors:
Ahmad Naghibzadeh Tahami1, Narges Khanjani2, Vahid Yazdi Feyzabadi3, Masoomeh Varzandeh4, Ali-Akbar Haghdoost5,
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Keywords:
Case-control, Iran, opium, risk factors, UGI neoplasms
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BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal cancers, including esophageal, gastric, liver and pancreatic are relatively common in Iran. Furthermore, consumption of opium and its derivatives (O&D) are considerable. This study, aimed to examine the association between consumption of O&D and the incidence of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers.
METHODS: In a matched case-control study in Kerman (located in southeast of Iran), 142 patients with UGI cancers and 284 healthy people (matched in terms of age, sex and residence (urban/rural)) were recruited. Variables (using O&D, smoking, alcohol use and diet) were collected using a structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression models were used to assess the above mentioned association.
RESULTS:Opium use was associated with an increased risk of UGI cancers with an adjusted OR 4.0 (95 % CI: 2.2 – 7.0). A very strong dose-response relation was observed between consumption of O&D and the incidence of UGI cancers. (Three consumption levels-none, low and high; OR = 18.7; 95 % CI: 5.5 – 63.3). This dose-response relationship was also strong even in patients with gastric cancers (OR: 9.2; 95 % CI: 2.5 – 33.7).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that opium consumption can be a strong risk factor for UGI cancers in Iran.
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ISSN:1029-2977
Article type:Original
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